World History Program
History is philosophy teaching by example.
— Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War
Scholars have argued for centuries as to how best to study history. One approach is to memorize facts, dates, names, and biographies of significant figures. Another is to view history as a movement towards some end, or goal (Karl Marx was certainly not the first writer to try this, but he might remain the most significant). The approach favored by the faculty of Scholars Online is to study history and government by immersing oneself into the cultural, social, and intellectual movements of the time. We believe that it is not necessarily the place of modern man to judge history through some abstract standard of the day, but rather to understand the great events and great men who have influenced our own time.
Sandra Howard
American History and Government
I believe in God the Creator and Redeemer of the world — as a great Storyteller who sets the scene and brings us His characters into the tale; yet He also encourages us to improvise and to bring our own efforts to His work. To explore history, therefore, is to explore one of God’s great creations — and to explore our own creations as well, both good and evil. In understanding the past, we come to understand God better, but we also come to understand ourselves. Understanding the past is crucial to understanding the present, and a vital requirement for fulfilling all our duties, sacred or civic. Yet history is not something to learn in a semester or over a few years, but something to explore continually.
Many people have tried to retell the story of the world to suit their own purposes — and this can be baffling. The past is complex and incompletely knowable, and hence the pursuit of history is a process of continual challenge. Historians constantly make and revise theories, assess and reassess evidence, and put each other’s theories to the test. Scholarship in history is not just a study of facts, dates, and events, but learning the tools of the historian and putting them to use. Chief among them are:
- The knowledge of sufficient key events and chronology to place in-depth study in context;
- The ability to discover, interpret, and assess texts and other historical sources;
- The ability to assess historical theories based on the available evidence;
- The ability to write coherently and persuasively.
As an instructor, I consider it my chief duty to be a model and advisor to the student in mastering those tools, and to be a constant challenger, inspiring students to make their work as excellent as possible on all levels. To do so, I teach controversies — not to put forward an agenda, but as the most direct route to critical thought. I teach difficult issues to give students practice in coming to their own rational, informed opinions and in building a strong moral code. I particularly endeavor to keep my personal opinions out of my teaching; in fact, I often take up positions and then switch sides in order to ensure continual challenge for the class. I teach the most dramatic and the most delightful, in hopes that my students will come to love the subject as much as I do. I teach the essential turning points, and I try to model and exercise the skills of the discipline: careful research, understanding context, reasoned and well-supported argument, and formal writing.
Students will bring their own perspectives to class as well. All points of view are welcome, so long as they are presented courteously, well-reasoned, well-supported, and bear up under the examination of the evidence. I invite students to test and question my perspectives in turn, for just as all reasoned opinions are welcome, all opinions, including my own, must be subject to scrutiny. All students of history must come to their own conclusions and follow their own paths of study, but I hope to serve as a guide for the first few steps along the path.
Paul Christiansen
Individual courses
Students are encouraged to take World History first, and it is recommended but not required that American History be taken prior to enrolling in American Government.
If you would like to see a couse not yet listed, please use the EMAIL US link below to contact Scholars Online Administration with your course request.
Students who were enrolled in courses from previous years will find the teacher, text, and course description information available from the student's unofficial transcript, which can be reached from the parent's Account Management Center, or from an alumni's own Account Management Center.
Government
To see details about an individual course, click on the black triangle to the left of the course name
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American Government • 2009 listing - for reference only • Grade 10 or above
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Primary Instructor
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Sections [Enrolled students will be notified if teacher schedules change between course posting in April and the scheduled start of classes. Please see Tuition and Fees for refund policy.]
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| | Section 1 Instructor: Paul ChristiansenClasses meet from August 31, 2009 to May 28, 2010Friday 11:00 AM to 12:30 PM ETTuition: $400.00
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Website
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| | There is currently no teacher website for this course.
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Description
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| | This course will study the government of the United States from two perspectives: through the Constitution, and through current events. We shall address questions such as, What is Government? What role does it serve in our lives? How did the Founding Fathers answer these questions, and how closely have we kept to the Founder's design? We will focus each branch of the United States Government in turn, concluding with attention to the various so-called "Fourth Branches" of government: the news media, the military, the lobbyists, etc.
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Meetings
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| | This course meets once a week for discussion and review of assigned homework.
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Homework
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| | Every student will be required to read, watch, or otherwise consult a news source, as reviewed and approved by the instructor, on a daily basis. Any text-based news medium will likely be acceptable. From time to time the instructor may provide the class with brief further readings.
Students are also expected to take part in the ongoing discussions in the class forums.
There will be four papers written in this course, each pertaining to a branch of government.
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Prerequisites
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| | American History. (Students need not have taken American History with the current instructor.)
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Recommended background
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| | A vague understanding of the US Constitution would be helpful, but is not a necessity. Also, it would be highly useful if students began following the news prior to the first day of the course.
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Textbooks and Materials
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Constitution of the United States of America. (Edition: 1) James Madison et al.
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| | This text is required. ISBN: None Publisher's website: Constitution of the United States of America. Best sources: www.usconstitution.net/const.html Other information: Obviously this text is widely available, including full-text online versions. Any version will serve, so long as the student can refer to it easily. Annotated versions, in any form, are welcome but not required.
See course description for further details on course materials.
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History
To see details about an individual course, click on the black triangle to the left of the course name
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American History • 2009 listing - for reference only • Grade 10 or above • History Sequence
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Primary Instructor
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Sections [Enrolled students will be notified if teacher schedules change between course posting in April and the scheduled start of classes. Please see Tuition and Fees for refund policy.]
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| | Section 1 Instructor: Paul ChristiansenClasses meet from August 31, 2009 to May 28, 2010Friday 1:00 PM to 2:30 PM ETTuition: $400.00
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Website
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| | There is currently no teacher website for this course.
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Description
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| | This course will focus on three periods of crisis in United States history: the Revolution and Founding Era, the Civil War, and the 1960s. Through these periods, we will focus such questions as, What is the purpose of government? How has the United States approached such issues? How has the United States lived up to its ideals? Intervening eras, and the recent past, will be covered but not in such detail; one objective of the course is to instill in students both the desire and the ability to discover other areas and times for themselves. The discerning scholar and parent will note that this course may approach controversy, but students are encouraged, indeed required, to come to their own conclusions based on wise assessment of the evidence. No agenda will be pressed, and all perspectives will be granted at least a hearing.
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Meetings
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| | This course meets once a week for discussion and review of assigned homework.
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Homework
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| | This is a fairly reading-heavy course, with two required textbooks and a series of other brief readings provided by the instructor. This being said, an hour of reading a night should be sufficient, and if this is an inaccurate assessment, accommodations can be made. Students will be expected to participate in the discussions on the class forum. The class will also be writing three papers, drawing on these sources, at the conclusion of each unit.
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Prerequisites
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Recommended background
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| | World History I is a helpful precursor.
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Textbooks and Materials
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A Patriot's History of the United States Larry Schweikart, Michael Allen
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| | This text is required. ISBN: 1595230327 Best sources: Scholars Online Bookstore
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A People's History of the United States (Edition: 5) Howard Zinn
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| | This text is required. ISBN: 0060838655 Best sources: Scholars Online Bookstore Other information: Any edition of this book will serve.
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Tudor England • 2009 listing - for reference only • Grade 9 or above • [Summer course] • History Sequence
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Primary Instructor
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Sections [Enrolled students will be notified if teacher schedules change between course posting in April and the scheduled start of classes. Please see Tuition and Fees for refund policy.]
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| | Section 1 Instructor: Sandra HowardClasses meet from June 18, 2009 to August 6, 2009Thursday 11:30 AM to 1:00 PM ETTuition: $120.00
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Website
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| | Please review more extensive materials at the teacher's Tudor England website.
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Description
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| | 2009 is the 500th anniversary of the coronation of King Henry VIII of England, one of the most famous, or perhaps infamous, kings in all history. The Tudors oversaw the transition of England from a small, isolated kingdom in the middle ages into a major power in the modern world, and one of the architects of the world we now live in.
Thanks to Hollywood, we have a plethora of images of the splendor and the scandal of the Tudor world, from the Six Wives of Henry VIII to the Golden Age of Elizabeth. This course will explore the reality behind those images, and examine how the Tudors guided England from the middle ages into the modern world. We will look at England's place in the world of European politics during the 15th and 16th centuries.
The course will also examine some of the fascinating personalities of the Tudor era. Not only the monarchs, though they are of course central to an understanding of the period, but their families, trusted advisors, and opponents as well. We will also examine the Protestant Reformation as it developed in England, since that is central to the development of England through these years.
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Meetings
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| | This course meets once a week for discussion and review of assigned homework.
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Homework
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| | There will be a reading assignment weekly, and students should come to class prepared to discuss the reading and any questions assigned to think about in the previous class session. Many of the readings will be available online, either through my website or through other links. I will also be giving recommendations for movies to watch or other books to read that are optional. Students will be encouraged to ask questions of their own for discussion, as well.
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Prerequisites
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| | No previous coursework is required
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Recommended background
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| | Some basic familiarity with European history of the 15th and 16th centuries would be helpful, but not necessary.
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Textbooks and Materials
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Tudor England John Guy
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| | This text is required. ISBN: 0192852132 Best sources: Scholars Online Bookstore Other information: Any edition of this book is acceptable, and used paperbacks are available. Students will be assigned selections from the book; reading the book in its entirety is optional.
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Ironies and Tragedies of the US Civil War • 2009 listing - for reference only • Grade 9 or above • [Summer course] • History Sequence
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Primary Instructor
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Sections [Enrolled students will be notified if teacher schedules change between course posting in April and the scheduled start of classes. Please see Tuition and Fees for refund policy.]
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| | Section 1 Instructor: Paul ChristiansenClasses meet from June 19, 2009 to August 14, 2009Friday 9:30 AM to 11:00 AM ETTuition: $120.00
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Website
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| | There is currently no teacher website for this course.
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Description
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| | This course provides a fresh look at a familiar story. After a quick survey of the US Civil War, we'll explore many of the large issues of the conflict -- slavery, battles, and outcomes, for example -- in new ways. Why did the North win? Why didn't it win much earlier? How did life change for the freed slaves? And how did people view the war in the years following?
This course is not intended to give a complete picture of the Civil War. Students seeking that are advised to enroll in US History. This course is designed for more experienced students of history, but anyone intrigued by seeing the familiar in a new light will fit right in.
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Meetings
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| | This course meets once a week for discussion and review of assigned homework.
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Homework
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| | Coursework is broken into a series of units. Each unit involve reading the summaries provided by the instructor, doing additional reading online as directed, and discussing the material in the class forum.
Each week's chat session will focus on discussion, concluding one unit and beginning the next.
No books will be necessary for this course. All material will be online.
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Prerequisites
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Recommended background
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| | A rudimentary understanding of American History will be essential -- an understanding of where the Civil War took place in relation to other periods of our history, for instance. Considerable background will be provided but the course does not give a blow-by-blow account of the war.
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Textbooks and Materials
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There are no textbook or materials currently required for this course.
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| | Check instructor's notes above for additional information, or contact the instructor.
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The United States Since 1945 • 2009 listing - for reference only • Grade 8 or above • History Sequence
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Primary Instructor
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Sections [Enrolled students will be notified if teacher schedules change between course posting in April and the scheduled start of classes. Please see Tuition and Fees for refund policy.]
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| | Section 1 Instructor: Paul ChristiansenClasses meet from September 4, 2009 to May 28, 2010Friday 12:00 PM to 1:30 PM ETTuition: $400.00
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Website
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| | There is currently no teacher website for this course.
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Description
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| | A survey of the latter half of the 20th Century, including considerable focus on the Cold War and the rights movements that arose from the 1960s.
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Meetings
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| | This course meets once a week for discussion and review of assigned homework.
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Homework
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| | Students are responsible for class participation in the weekly chat sessions and continual contribution to the class Moodle forums -- discussing the issues before the class in both formats. There will also be selected readings.
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Prerequisites
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Recommended background
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| | A general understanding of US History prior to 1945 would be helpful; knowledge of the causes, conduct, and resolution of World War II is necessary, although not in-depth.
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Textbooks and Materials
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There are no textbook or materials currently required for this course.
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| | Check instructor's notes above for additional information, or contact the instructor.
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World History • 2009 listing - for reference only • Grade 9 or above • History Sequence
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Primary Instructor
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Sections [Enrolled students will be notified if teacher schedules change between course posting in April and the scheduled start of classes. Please see Tuition and Fees for refund policy.]
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| | Section 1 Instructor: Sandra HowardClasses meet from September 8, 2009 to May 27, 2010Tuesday 2:30 PM to 3:50 PM ET • Thursday 2:30 PM to 3:50 PM ETTuition: $400.00
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Website
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| | Please review more extensive materials at the teacher's World History website.
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Description
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| | World History covers political, social, and economic history of all parts of the world, from ancient civilizations through to the present. It is a one-year survey course that will provide the student with a solid grounding in the key names, dates, civilizations, and movements of world history.
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Meetings
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| | This course meets 2 times per week for discussion and review of assigned homework.
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Homework
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| | There are weekly reading assignments from the textbook, as well as occasional primary source material provided on the website. There will also be a variety of written assignments during the year, both short- and long-term, giving students the opportunity to learn to think and write about history in ways that require more than memorizing historical facts. There will be 3-4 exams during the course of the year, and a final exam at the year's end.
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Prerequisites
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Recommended background
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| | No special background required.
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Textbooks and Materials
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World History: People & Nations Holt, Rinehart and Winston
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| | This text is required. ISBN: 0030533597 Best sources: Scholars Online Bookstore Other information: Used copies are fine for student use. Make sure the ISBN matches so the proper edition is purchased.
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| To enroll in any of the courses listed above, log into your Scholars Online Account Management Center using the login link at the bottom of any page and select the member you wish to enroll. If you do not have an account, you may create one using the Membership and Enrollment link in the SiteMap to the left of any page. |
Scholars Online has been provisionally accredited by the Northwest Association of Accredited Schools.